cuatro.step one EHS during 1951–1980
The only EHS covering at least three stations during the first half of the 60-year study period occurred in 1972. Observed at 16 stations, it covered vast areas of western Russia and some adjacent areas to the north (Fig. 1). Indeed, this exceptionally hot summer was spatially the second largest during the study period and in the northern half of the area examined it was the hottest (Table 4). During all three summer months, the average temperature was above the long-term average, but August was the hottest. In the central part of the area, this was the hottest August of the entire period. The temperature difference between the long-term average and the temperature of the particular season ranged from 2.3 to 2.7 °C in the far north, to 3.6–3.9 °C in the far south, to 4.5 °C at Tambov (t ? t av + 3?). Days with a temperature higher than 30 °C were recorded even in the north, where they were very rare in other years, while in the south there were 50 such days (two to three times more than the average). In the south, there were also days with a maximum temperature greater than 35 °C. Throughout the area there were cases of hot nights, i.e., 24-h days with a minimum temperature higher than 20 °C, including for example six such days in Arhangel’sk (compared to 0.4 on average) and 17 in Voronez (normally 2.6).
Such uncommon thermal anomalies for the west Russia were caused by a great quasi-stationary anticyclonic flow (Bardin 2007). Latest search (Zveryaev ainsi que al. 2012) implies that the summertime off 1972 try characterised of the self-confident stage of Northern Atlantic Oscillation.
4.dos EHS through the 1981–1990
The brand new outstanding summer with the 12 months covered the fresh new main and you can eastern components of Eu Russia (Fig. 2). This new EHS is noticed during the 7 stations, including the easternmost Ivdel’ (in which it had been the only including summer when you look at the period) and you may Ekaterinburg. Inside Kirov and Perm, this was the latest june of months. An average air heat across the urban area is actually greater than the newest long-identity mediocre of the 2.5–3.3 °C. The warmth is greater than the brand new a lot of time-label mediocre in all about three summer-time, but August is actually the only real extremely sizzling hot week and simply within 1 / 2 of all station (like the best of your whole several months for the Ivdel’, Ekaterinburg and you can Perm), while you are Summer and you can July did not meet up with the standard. There can be a number of days with a maximum temperatures greater than 31 °C, particularly in the brand new southern (20–25, an average of 9–11). Merely on southwest part of the area, there have been weeks which have minimal temperature surpassing 20 °C (Desk 5).
The summer months out of 1988 are extremely sizzling hot and you may, as in 1981, sky temperatures defects secure central and you may east areas of European Russia, whilst the affected region try faster related to simply four channels (Fig. 2). Inside the three north channels, this is the hottest, along with the outcome regarding Kotlas, also the simply EHS on the research period. The difference between an average much time-identity while the EHS climate ranged off 2.step 3 to 3.1 °C along side urban area. July proved such sizzling hot (from the particular programs the latest of your own period). Simply for the Ekaterinburg did the fresh new heat stop in short supply of fulfilling the fresh new standards in virtually any of your months. There are more 10 months which have a max temperatures a lot more than 31 °C anyway the latest channels, plus in this new southern area, the number are nearly 20 (versus between about three and you may half a dozen normally). Only separated instances of days which have the absolute minimum temperature significantly more than 20 °C was basically https://kissbrides.com/hr/vruce-talijanske-zene/ filed regarding south of the area affected (Desk 5).