The start of egg laying to have hens is actually influenced by genotype, health system standing and you will environmental criteria. Local breeds (white eggshell types-Padovana and Polverara; tinted eggshell breeds-Pepoi, Ermellinata di Rovigo, Robusta Maculata and you will Robusta Lionata) regarding the Veneto region, inside North Italy, was reared outside out of springtime (six days old; six WA) so you can autumn and you may cold weather. The fresh start of putting varied according to the reproduce (22–twenty-eight WA): just the shaded eggshell breeds been putting at the conclusion of summer/beginning of fall, throughout the visibility away from a decreasing natural photoperiod, as well as the egg development survived for most weeks. At 38 WA, artificial light try slowly added to this new photoperiod to obtain 14L:10D, at 42 WA, all the six breeds was in fact putting. To possess hens reared outdoors, affairs certainly ecosystem, system energy and you can health standards is highly recommended. The content for the active give and eggs top-notch new regional reproduce hens are useful toward management of the fresh new wild birds and for a sufficient source of egg, for both sector and brooding all year long.
Abstract
The month of hatching and the rearing management, especially temperature and photoperiod, are important factors for pullets and hens reared outdoors. The yield performance and egg quality of dual-purpose chicken breeds from the Veneto region (Italy), Pepoi (PP), Ermellinata di Rovigo (ER), Robusta Maculata (RM) and Robusta Lionata (RL), with different adult body weights (ABW, kg, PP = 1.3; ER = 2.3, RM and RL = 3.1), were studied, using a factorial model (4 ? 2), considering breed and age (26–33 weeks, first age, summer–autumn, under decreasing natural photoperiod-on average, 12L:12D, and 42–53 weeks, second age, winter, under implemented photoperiod-14L:10D) as the main effects and interaction. The chicks hatched in spring, and they started laying at the end of summer/beginning of autumn. Significant ( p < 0.05)>
step one. Addition
Over the past couples age, interest in dual-purpose chicken types could have been increasing, for biodiversity and you can ethical questions. Because of the improvements inside hereditary developments getting give overall performance during the hybrid hens carried out by a few breeding organizations throughout the world , biodiversity happens to be among trick values from sustainability getting as well as farming . The newest ethical influence on creature passions try a deeper important matter, and therefore takes into account not just this new rearing conditions of your own birds however, in addition to the administration. New guys regarding egg layer hybrids was murdered after hatching, because they do not carry out the standard gains and you may slaughtering high quality asked to your industry . Additionally, hybrid broilers inform you of numerous physical issues, which do not permit them to has actually satisfactory well-becoming criteria, and 100 % free-diversity rearing possibilities are increasing while they create birds to higher show its natural habits [step 3,4]. For the Italy, this new Veneto region keeps an extended heritage out-of chicken breeding, a few poultry types have been popular for the majority years, and in the center of the very last century, particular dual-purpose purebreds are manufactured playing with light- and you may brownish-eggshell breeds . The initial character one distinguishes the breeds, centered on its supply, is the color of brand new eggshell, because the chicken genotypes have a different phylogenetic origin, that have advanced by themselves about insane Gallus genus once domestication, and many system properties disagree between them. Following the classification recommended by the Ghigi, when you look at the 1905, the home-based poultry breeds is divided into around three organizations, centered on the morphological, physiological and you will functional functions . You’ll find breeds, which are like wild Gallus genus, exhibiting very early growth and sexual readiness and you will a leading creation of eggs which have white eggshells. To the contrary, you can find breeds very not the same as wild Gallus , demonstrating delayed increases and you will sexual maturity, lowest eggs development which have brown eggshells, and you will, on 3rd classification, you’ll find intermediate breeds, called twin-purpose breeds, and that tell you advanced faculties, with more similarity into breeds from the very first otherwise second group . In reality, we know that types generating egg having white eggshells have looks progress, a great metabolic profile and you may physiology a whole lot more suitable for highest https://internationalwomen.net/sv/dominikanska-kvinnor/ egg production than just brownish eggshell types. This mental position, better demonstrated because of the light eggshell hybrids [7,8], reveals that this new nutrient consumption is employed for many of skeletal and you may muscle growth up until the onset of putting and useful for egg production, to prevent race with the used nourishment anywhere between looks development and you may eggs creation. More recently, training, according to SNP assortment, genotyped many poultry types and hybrids around the world to check brand new genetic diversity anywhere between and you can in the communities to the productive management of chicken hereditary tips [9,10]. Differences in hereditary assortment in the people had been found between the very chosen industrial level lines and lots of African, Southern American and lots of local Far eastern and you can Western european types , in addition to particular Italian breeds .